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European Union ( EU ), institutional frame organizing the European community space and the political, economic and monetary cooperation between its fifteen States members. The European Union ( EU ) was established by the treaty signed in Maastricht on February 7, 1992 - ratified in 1992 and 1993 - with the twelve member countries of the European Community: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. These countries were joined, on January 1-st, 1995, by Sweden, Finland and Austria. At the end of the treaty on the European Union (or treated{*handled*} as Maastricht), the Union is based on the European Communities, the seat of which is established in Brussels: the European Community of the coal and the steel (ESCS), created in 1951, the European Economic Community ( EEC ) and the European Community of atomic energy ( CEEA), both created in 1957. These three institutions merged in 1967. Since 1993, the community space became a single market, in which the possessions, the capital, the services and the persons can circulate freely, according to the unique Act adopted in 1985. The treaty of Maastricht established, besides , new politics{*policies*} and new forms of cooperation, opening the way to a future political union. It{*he*} foresaw the realization of an economic and monetary Union ( UEM ) to end in the creation of an European central Bank and a single currency: the euro. On June 17, 1997, in the term of the intergovernmental Conference ( CIG) opened in 1996, a new treaty, revising that of Maastricht, was adopted with the Fifteen in Amsterdam.
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